Financial Management, 9th Ed.
Theory and Practice
Publisher: Dryden Press, 1999 , 1169 pages
ISBN: 0-03-024399-8
Synopsis:
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Table of Contents:
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- Part I: Introduction to Financial Management
- An Overview of Financial Management
- Career Opportunities in Finance
- Financial Management in the 1990s
- Box: McDonald's Looks Overseas
- The Financial Staff's Responsibilities
- Alternative Forms of Business Organizatio
- Finance in the Organizational Structure of the Firm
- The Goals of the Corporation
- Box: Are CEOs Overpaid?
- Business Ethics and Social Responsibility
- Agency Relationships
- Organization of the Book
- Summary
- Financial Statements, Cash Flow, and Taxes
- A Brief History of Accounting and Financial Statements
- Financial Statements and Reports
- The Balance Sheet
- The Income Statement
- Statement of Retained Earnings
- Box: Sherlock Holmes, or Corporate Enemy Number 1?
- Statement of Cash Flows
- Modifying Accounting Data for Managerial Decisions
- MVA and EVA
- Box: Economic Value Added (EVA) — Today's Hottest Financial Idea
- The Federal Income Tax System
- Box: Tax Havens
- Depreciation
- Summary
- Analysis of Financial Statements
- Ratio Analysis
- Liquidity Ratios
- Asset Management Ratios
- Debt Management Ratios
- Profitability Ratios
- Box: International Accounting: Differences Create Headaches for Investors
- Market Value Ratios
- Trend Analysis
- The Value of Operations: Using the Ratios to Guide Managers
- Tying the Ratios Together: The DuPont Chart and Equation
- Comparative Ratios and "Benchmarking"
- Box: ROE Is Soaring to Record Heights
- Uses and Limitations of Ratio Analysis
- Looking Beyond the Numbers
- Box: Financial Analysis in the Small Firm
- Summary
- Extensions
- The Financial Environment: Markets, Institutions, and Interest Rates
- The Financial Markets
- Financial Institutions
- The Stock Market
- Box: An Expensive Beer for the NASD
- The Cost of Money
- Interest Rate Levels
- The Determinants of Market Interest Rates
- Box: A New, Truly Riskless Treasury Bond
- Investing Overseas
- The Term Structure of Interest Rates
- Box: Measuring Country Risk
- What Determines the Shape of the Yield Curve?
- Other Factors That Influence Interest Rate Levels
- Interest Rate Levels and Stock Prices
- Interest Rates and Business Decisions
- Summary
- Part II: Fundamental Concepts
- Risk and Return: The Basics
- Investment Returns
- Stand-Alone Risk
- Risk in a Portfoili Context
- Box: The Trade-Off between Risk and Return
- Box: The Benefits of Diversifying Overseas
- The Relationship between Risk and Rates of Return
- Physical Assets versus Securities
- Some Concerns about Beta and the CAPM
- Volatility versus Risk
- Summary
- Risk and Return: Extensions
- Measuring Portfolio Risk
- Efficient Portfolios
- Choosing the Optimal Portfolio
- The Capital Asset Pricing Model
- The Capital Market Line
- Calculating Beta Coefficients
- Empirical Tests of the CAPM
- Arbitrage Pricing Theory
- Summary
- Extensions
- Time Value of Money
- Time Lines
- Future Value
- Present Value
- Solving for Interest Rate and Time
- Futire Value of an Annuity
- Present Value of an Annuity
- Perpetuities
- Uneven Cash Flow Streams
- Semiannual and Other Compounding Periods
- Comparison of Different Types of Interest Rates
- Fractional Time Periods
- Amortized Loans
- Summary
- Extensions
- Part III: Securities and Their Valuation
- Bonds and Their Valuation
- Who Issues Bonds?
- Key Characteristics of Bonds
- Bond Valuation
- Bond Yields
- Box: Drinking Your Coupons
- Bonds With Semiannual Coupons
- Assessing the Riskiness of a Bond
- Default Risk
- Box: Santa Fe Bonds Finally Mature after 114 Years
- Bond Markets
- Summary
- Stocks and Their Valuation
- Legal Rights and Privileges of Common Stockholders
- Types of Common Stock
- The Market for Common Stock
- Box: A Wild Initial Day of Trading
- Common Stock Valuation
- Valuing the Entire Corporation
- Stock Market Equilibrium
- Box: Run-Ups before Deals: Chicanery or Coincidence?
- Actual Stock Prices and Returns
- Box: Investing in Emerging Markets
- Preferred Stock
- Summary
- Part IV: Strategic Investment Decisions
- The Cost of Capital
- The Weighted Average Cost of Capital
- Cost of Debt, kd(1 - T)
- Cost of Preferred Stock, kps
- Cost of Common Stock, ks
- Composite, or Weighted Average, Cost of Capital, WACC
- Factors That Affect the Weighted Average Cost of Capital
- Box: WACC Estimates for Some Large U.S. Corporations
- Box: Global Variations in the Cost of Capital
- Adjusting the Cost of Capital for Risk
- Estimating Project Risk
- Using the CAPM to Estimate a Project's Risk-Adjusted Cost of Capital
- Techniques for Measuring Beta Risk
- The Cost of Depreciation and Other Types of Internally Generated Funds
- Box: The Cost of
Equity Capital for Small Firms
- Some Problem Areas in Cost of Capital
- Four Mistakes to Avoid
- Summary
- Extensions
- The Basics of Capital Budgeting
- Importance of Capital Budgeting
- Generating Ideas for Capital Projects
- Project Classifications
- Similarities between Capital Budgeting and Security Valuation
- Capital Budgeting Decision Rules
- Comparison of the NPV and IRR Methods
- Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR)
- Profitability Index
- Conclusion on Capital Budgeting Methods
- Business Practices
- The Post-Audit
- Box: Capital Budgeting in the Small Firm
- Using Capital Budgeting Techniques in Other Contexts
- Summary
- Cash Flow Estimation and Other Topics in Capital Budgeting
- Estimating Cash Flows
- Identifying the Relevant Cash Flows
- Tax Effects
- Evaluating Capital Budgeting Projects
- Example of Cash Flow Analysis: Expansion Project
- Box: GE Bets on Europe
- Example of Cash Flow Analysis: Replacement Project
- Cash Flow Estimation Bias
- Option Value
- Comparing Projects with Unequal Lives
- Abandonment Value
- Adjusting for Inflation
- Summary
- Risk Analysis and Real Options
- Introduction to Project Risk Analysis
- Techniques for Measuring Stand-Alone Risk
- Box: Coca-Cola Takes on the High-Risk, High-Return Markets of Asia
- Should Firms Diversify to Reduce Corporate Risk?
- Market Risk and Divisional Betas
- Box: High-Tech CFOs
- Our View of Project Risk Analysis
- Risky Cash Outflows
- Introduction to Real Options
- Identifying Optimal Responses to Changing Conditions: Decision Trees
- Determining the Value of Real Options
- Real Options and Financial Management
- The Optimal Capital Budget
- Establishing the Optimal Capital Budget in Practice
- Summary
- Extensions
- Part V: Strategic Financing Decisions
- Long-Term Financial Planning
- Strategic Plans
- Operating Plans
- The Financial Plan
- Sales Forecasts
- Financial Statement Forecasting: The Percent of Sales Method
- The AFN Formula
- Forecasting Financial Requirements When the Balance Sheet Ratios Are Subject to Change
- Other Techniques for Forecasting Financial Statements
- Computerized Financial Planning Models
- Summary
- Capital Structure Decisions: The Basics
- Business and Financial Risk
- Capital Structure Theory
- Setting the Target Capital Structure When Cash Flows Are Perpetuities
- Some Considerations in the Capital Structure Decisions
- An Approach to Setting the Target Capital Structure
- Some Additional Insights into Capital Structure Decisions
- Summary
- Capital Structure Decisions: Extensions
- Capital Structure Theory: Modigliani-Miller Models
- The Hamada Model: Introducing Market Risk
- Capital Structure Theory: The Miller Model
- Criticism of the MM and Miller Models
- Capital Structure Theory: The Trade-Off Models
- Capital Structure Theory: The Signaling Model
- Capital Structure Theory: Our View
- Variations in Capital Structures
- Book Weights versus Market Weights
- Summary
- Distributions to Shareholders: Dividends and Repurchases
- Dividends versus Capital Gains: What Do Investors Prefer?
- Other Dividend Policy Issues
- Dividend Stability
- Establishing the Dividend Policy in Practice
- Changing Dividend Policies
- Dividend Reinvestment Plans
- Summary of Factors Influencing Dividend Policy
- Overview of the Dividend Policy Decision
- Stock Dividends and Stock Splits
- Stock Repurchases
- Box: Stock Repurchases: An Easy Way to Boost Stock Prices?
- Box: Share Repurchases Are Less Common Overseas
- Summary
- Part VI: Tactical Financing Decisions
- Issuing Securities, Refunding Operations, and Other Topics
- The Decision to Go Public
- The Decision to List
- Procedures for Selling New Common Stock
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Financing with Common Stock
- Securities Regulations and the Investment Banking Process
- Recent Innovations in Types of Bonds
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Long-Term Debt
- Factors That Influence Long-Term Financing Decisions
- Refunding Operations
- Summary
- Lease Financing
- The Two Parties to Leasing
- Types of Leases
- Tax Effects
- Financial Statement Effects
- Evaluation by the Lessee
- Evaluation by the Lessor
- Other Issues in Lease Analysis
- Other Reasons for Leasing
- Summary
- Extensions
- Hybrid Financing: Preferred Stock, Warrants, and Convertibles
- Preferred Stock
- Warrants
- Convertibles
- A Final Comparison of Warrants and Convertibles
- Other Topics in Hybrid Financing
- Summary
- Extensions
- Part VII: Working Capital Management
- Current Asset Management
- Working Capital Terminology
- Alternative Current Asset Investment Policies
- Box: EVA and Working Capital
- The Concept of Zero Working Capital
- Cash Management
- Box: American Standard Embraces Demand Flow Management
- The Cash Budget
- Cash Management Techniques
- Marketable Securities
- Inventory
- Inventory Costs
- Inventory Control Systems
- Box: Keeping Inventory Lean
- Receivables Management
- Credit Policy
- Setting the Credit Period and Standards
- Setting the Collection Policy
- Cash Discounts
- Other Factors Influencing Credit Policy
- Summary
- Short-Term Financing
- Alternative Current Asset Financing Policies
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Short-Term Financing
- Sources of Short-Term Financing
- Accruals
- Accounts Payable (Trade Credit)
- Short-Term Bank Loans
- The Cost of Bank Loans
- Box: The Travails of Jamesway
- Choosing a Bank
- Commercial Papers
- Use of Securities in Short-Term Financing
- Summary
- Working Capital Management: Extensions
- The Cash Conversion Cycle
- Setting the Target Cash Balance
- Accounting for Inventory
- The Economic Ordering Quantity (EOQ) Model
- EOQ Model Extensions
- The Payments Pattern Approach to Monitoring Receivables
- Analyzing Proposed Changes in Credit Policy
- Summary
- Part VIII: Special Topics
- Derivatives and Risk Management
- Reasons to Manage Risk
- Background on Derivatives
- Box: Orange County Blues
- Options
- Introduction to Option Pricing Models
- The Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (OPM)
- Other Types of Derivatives
- Risk Management
- Fundamentals of Risk Management
- Box: Microsoft's Goal: Manage Every Risk!
- Box: Baring and Sumitomo Suffer Large Losses in the Derivative Marfket
- Using Derivatives to Reduce Risks
- Summary
- Extensions
- Bankruptcy, Reorganization, and Liquidation
- Financial Distress and Its Consequences
- Issues Facing a Firm in Financial Distress
- Settlements without Going through Formal Bankruptcy
- Federal Bankruptcy Law
- Reorganization in Bankruptcy
- Liquidation in Bankruptcy
- Other Motivations for Bankruptcy
- Some Criticisms of Bankruptcy Laws
- Other Topics in Bankruptcy
- Summary
- Extensions
- Mergers, LBOs, Divestures, and Holding Companies
- Rationale for Mergers
- Types of Mergers
- Level of Merger Activity
- Hostile versus Friendly Takeovers
- Merger Regulation
- Merger Analysis
- Box: When You Merge You Combine More Than Just Financial Statements
- Structuring the Takeover Bid
- Accounting Treatment for Mergers
- Analysis for a "True Consolidation"
- The Role of Investment Bankers
- Who Wins: The Empirical Evidence
- Corporate Alliances
- Leveraged Buyouts
- Divestitures
- Box: Governments Are Divesting State-Owned Businesses to Spur Economic Efficiency
- Holding Companies
- Box: Merging as a Means of Exiting a Closely Held Business
- Summary
- Multinational Financial Management
- Multination, or Global, Corporations
- Multinational versus Domestic Financial Management
- Exchange Rates
- The International Monetary
- System
- Trading in Foreign Exchange
- Interest Rate Parity
- Purchasing Power Parity
- Box: Hungry for a Big Mac? Go to China!
- Inflation, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates
- International Money and Capital Markets
- Multinational Capital Budgeting
- International Capital Structures
- Multinational Working Capital Management
- Summary
- Pension Plan Management
- The Role and Scope of Pension Plan Management
- Three Types of Pension Plans
- Key Terms and Concepts
- Pension Fund Mathematics: Defined Benefit Plans
- Risk Inherent in Pension Plans
- Illustrations of a Defined Benefit versus a Defined Contribution Plan
- Defined Benefit versus Defined Contribution Plan: The Employee Choice
- Developing a Plan Strategy
- Pension Fund Investment Performance
- "Tapping" Pension Fund Assets
- Retiree Health Benefits
- Summary
- Appendixes
- Appendix A: Mathematical Tables
- Solutions to Self-Test Problems
- Answers to End-of-Chapter Problems
- Selected Equations and Data
Guide to Financial Management